不同林型立地土壤水分性状及其持水能力的比较

对辽宁省北票县刺槐-油松混交林、刺槐、油松纯林及无林地土壤水分的物理性质和持水特性进行了测定。结果表明：刺槐-油松混交林的土壤孔隙状况、机械组成、持水性能、渗透性能和储水量均明显优于无林地和2种纯林。刺槐和油松纯林的各项指标均明显优于无林地,刺槐和油松纯林的各项指标处于相近水平。综合评价表明：在持水能力方面,以上3种林...     

蒸散发观测研究进展及绿洲蒸散研究展望

蒸散发是绿洲水文循环中最重要的水文过程和生态过程之一,开展绿洲蒸散发研究是提高水资源利用的基础.从叶面、个体、田间到景观尺度,系统综述了国内外蒸散发观测研究的最新进展,结合荒漠绿洲的特点及研究现状,指出应加强:①涡度相关技术在异质性强的绿洲的应用技术研究;②如何分割蒸散发中植物蒸腾和土壤蒸发,以及时空动态、驱动机制和调...     

干旱区绿洲土壤中Cd、Pb、Zn、Ni复合污染对芹菜的影响及其富集迁移规律

通过盆栽试验和室内分析初步研究了干旱区绿洲土壤中Cd、Pb、Zn、Ni复合污染对芹菜生长的影响及重金属在芹菜体内的富集迁移规律。结果表明:随着外源重金属添加量的增加,芹菜的生长受到明显抑制。根据多元回归分析和偏相关分析,芹菜地上部和根部吸收Pb量分别与外源添加Pb、Zn、Ni量和Cd、Pb、Zn、Ni量达到极显著相关,其中土壤Zn含量的增加极显著的降低了芹菜地上部和根部对Pb的吸收。芹菜地上部及根部对Cd、Pb、Zn、Ni四种元素的富集系数大小顺序均为:Cd>Zn>Ni>Pb,且根部对四种重金属元素的富集能力显著大于地上部。Cd在芹菜中的平均迁移能力最强,Zn、Ni次之,Pb的迁移能力最弱。     

干旱胁迫下砂生槐、锦鸡儿的生理生化特性与抗旱性

以西藏半干旱区的两种豆科灌木为研究对象,采用盆栽控水干旱胁迫手段,比较和分析了砂生槐、矮锦鸡儿在持续水分胁迫条件下的生理响应。结果表明：随着干旱胁迫时间推移,土壤含水量不断下降,2种灌木体内水分饱和亏缺值均呈上升趋势,从上升速率和变化情况来看,砂生槐的叶片保水能力优于矮锦鸡儿;叶绿素a＋b值和叶绿素a/b值综合比较结果...     

Selection of Adequate Species for Degraded Areas by Oil‐Exploitation Industry as a Key Factor for Recovery Forest in the Ecuadorian Amazon

One of the requirements for the forest restoration of soils disturbed by the oil‐exploitation industry is that saplings be able to endure soil‐adverse conditions. In this study, saplings of 20 species susceptible to be used in reforestation programs were evaluated for their ability to grow on substrates derived from soils disturbed by petroleum extractions in the Ecuadorian Amazon. Seeds of each species were planted in germination trays. Once seedlings reached 5 cm in height they were transplanted to plastic bags with three treatment substrates: two derived from petroleum‐exploitation activity (soils from mud and drill cutting cells and from areas surrounding oil wells) and a control soil. Plant survival rate, stem height, and diameter were measured on a weekly basis until 14 weeks after transplantation, when we harvested the plants and also measured plant biomass and calculated the Dickson quality index for each species. Oil‐exploitation by‐product substrates impaired the performance of many saplings, with the substrate from mud and drill cutting cells being the one that most affected plant performance. Only saplings of five native species in the Amazon basin—Apeiba membranaceae, Cedrelinga cateniformis, Inga densiflora, Myroxylon balsamum, and Pouroma cecropiifolia—exhibited high or similar Dickson quality index values in all soil treatments and performed better than the rest. The use of these five species in remediation of soils disturbed by petroleum extraction in the Amazon basin could prove important because of their high potential to adapt to these disturbed sites. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Analysis of Land use and Land Cover Changes in the Coastal Area of Bangladesh using Landsat Imagery

Coastal land use across the globe has experienced remarkable rapid change over the recent decades because of extraordinary anthropogenic pressure and climate variability and change. Therefore, quantitative information about coastal land use change is imperative for effective management and planning resources for sustainable development. We analysed the quantitative land use and land cover changes during 1989–2000–2010 periods in three important agroecological zones of the most vulnerable coastal region of Bangladesh using Landsat images (Thematic Mapper/Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus). In the Ganges Tidal Floodplain, the area under shrimp cultivation greatly increased at the rate of 2·05% per annum. The majority of the shrimp area gained from conversion of single cropland. In the Meghna Estuarine Floodplain, decreased mudflat and water bodies were observed, which was predominantly converted into cropland. In Chittagong Coastal Plain, salt pan–shrimp area increased with the expense of single and/or double cropland. In all the study areas, settlement area considerably increased over time. The dynamics of land use change have been attributed to low and unstable food production in the coastal region. The approach adopted in study and the results obtained from the study would likely be useful for policy making and identifying direction for future studies on the coastal land use in Bangladesh. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Cost‐Effective Targeting Soil and Water Conservation: A Case Study of Changting County in Southeast China

Soil erosion is by far the greatest cause of land degradation and other environmental and socio‐economic problems in China. Although various conservation methods are widely utilized to reduce soil erosion and to sustain agricultural production, the cost‐effectiveness and selection of these methods are less known. Using our survey and ecological data, this study evaluated four soil and water conservation methods in Changting County, Southeast China. The results show that the disparity of conservation costs is much larger than that of ecological benefits. Planting fruit trees is a kind of conservation through primarily economic development. Closing hillsides for afforestation is most cost‐effective, followed by forest fertilizing, and planting trees and grass. Our findings suggest that comparatively lower cost conservation methods, for example closing hillsides for afforestation, should be considered in priority if initial ecological conditions can meet the requirements of the method. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

安徽敬亭山国家森林公园开发利用探讨

敬亭山国家森林公园具有森林景观丰富多彩 ;历史文化底蕴丰厚 ;双塔辉映、古朴典雅等旅游资源特色 ,是集森林公园、风景名胜区和城市公园于一身的综合型公园 ,具有极强的竞争力和美好的发展前景。提出将公园划分为游览区、游乐区及管理服务区等功能分区的开发建设构想 ,并提出开展特色旅游等开发利用建议。     

切纸圆刀专用磨床及配套夹具的研制

对造纸行业切纸用的各种小型圆刀结构及研磨设备进行系统研究,研制出专用磨床,并对其传动原理、基本结构、安装调试、配套夹具设计等进行了介绍。     

家具检测用环境舱恒温恒湿系统方案改进

对所研制的第一代环境舱恒温恒湿系统进行实验及分析,分析环境舱内壁结霜凝水以及检测甲醛和TVOC不够准确等问题产生的原因,并提出具有针对性的改进方案。实验表明,改进后的系统可有效解决上述问题,能够精确控制环境舱内部温湿度的恒定,从而保证环境舱在工作过程中对样品分析结果的准确性。